Get the hype on ADHD

ADHD What is it and Who does it Affect?
Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder (ADHD) is a ailment of the brain that causes atypical behavioral patterns. ADHD presents itself in the early childhood years (before the age 7) and may continue through adulthood. There is an estimated 2 million children (or one child in every classroom) with ADHD in the United States, with the number of boys tripling that of girls. Doctors have not yet developed a specific test for the diagnosis of ADHD and for this reason many children have been misdiagnosed.

There is no cure for ADHD and the exact cause of it is unclear, however there are several implications:
*Heredity
* Neurotransmitters in the brain
* Trauma or severe emotional stressors
* Exposure to high levels of toxin (such as lead)
* Sleep deprivation
* Fetal exposure to smoke, alcohol, or drugs
* Inappropriate diet can increase risks of ADHD
** ADHD is NOT caused by bad parenting**

Characteristics of ADHD
ADHD indicators should exist for at least 6 months and displayed in a variety of settings before attempting to receive a diagnosis.

Inattention
* Short attention span
* Trouble following through with activities
* Avoids or dislikes activities that are challenging
* Often misplaces things that are needed
* Difficulty following instructions
* Difficulty listening even when spoken to directly
* Easily distracted or forgetful
* Disorganized
* Tendency to make careless errors on schoolwork

Impulsive
* Excitability
* Difficulty taking turns
* Low frustration tolerance
* Constantly interrupts others
* Displays poor judgment and planning skills
* Blurts out answers before being called on
* Requires significant supervision

Hyper-Activity
* Excessive Talking
* Running, jumping, and climbing at inappropriate times
* Difficulty staying seated, even when expected
* Often seems fidgety or unable to stay still

Social Issues
*Difficulty following rules
* Poor interaction with peers
*Often needs to be the center of attention
* Constantly ask questions and interrupts class
* Engages in inappropriate behavior to seek attention
* May suffer from low self-esteem

Treatment
There are several treatment options for children with ADHD. These include behavioral therapy, medications and strong social support.

Positive behavior can be reinforced by using a reward chart or other type of system that gives small tokens for appropriate behavior. There should be clear consequences for inappropriate behaviors. It may also prove helpful for children and families to talk to a psychologist . Therapy sessions will allow children to talk about things going on in life and also learn new tactics for controlling attentiveness and positive ways to release energy. For families, therapies sessions will provide vital information on how to cope with a child or sibling that has ADHD.

Medication
At times medication may be needed to help control symptoms. There are variety of choices available which include stimulants and non-stimulants. Stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall are often prescribed because they have proven safe for extended usage. These medications are very potent so the proper dosing is cautioned. Many skeptics believe stimulants can cause addiction, but studies show no children have become dependent who were given the recommended dosage. Side effects of stimulants include decreased appetite, restlessness, anxiety, and headaches. Non stimulant medications may be better fitted for some individuals. The side effects for these include liver damage and suicidal tendencies. Talk to a physician about any concerns.

Parental Solutions

Inattention
* Make eye contact as you are talking
* Offer one directive at a time
* Reduce distractions when it is time to concentrate on completing a task (turn off television, radio, video games etc.)
* Praise appropriate behavior (high 5's, hugs, words of affirmation, other small tokens)
* Be realistic about your expectations, practice makes perfect
* Speak to your child in short and clear words (avoid long winded directions)
* Break down larger task in smaller ones ( instead of "clean your room" try "place all your toys in the toy box and make your bed" )

Impulsive
* Give clear expectations and repeated reminders
* Ensure proper supervision
* Create a routine and try to implement daily
* Provided structured activities, trying not leave substantial free time
* Get organized, place book bags, clothes and toys in the same place so child is less likely to misplace them
* Set grounds for acceptable silliness
* Limited choices to two ( more can cause the child to be overwhelmed)
* Teach proper behaviors
* Give consequences for inappropriate behavior immediately

Hyper-activity
* Ensure proper amounts of sleep and well balanced meals
* Find appropriate times during the day for child to release energy (allow to run)
* Allow to take brakes and get up if expected to sit for long periods
* Try to get teachers that are upbeat and can keep children's attention

Attention seeking behavior
* Give attention only to positive behavior
* Let the child know that you would like to give them attention, and help them find positive ways to get it

Diagnosis of ADHD
* Symptoms last at least 6 months
* Symptoms appear before the age 7
* Symptoms are present in a variety of places (home, school, childcare, with peers)
*Physical examine by physician to rule out any possible physical causes
* Answer several questions doctor will ask about child's development and behavior
* You, teacher, family members and childcare providers will fill out questionnaires about child's development
* Possible evaluation

Mother's day ideas that don't cost a dime

As Mother's Day approaches, many mother's are anxiously anticipating traditional gifts such as jewelry, lavish dinners, flowers, store bought cards and visits to the spa. But there are many mother's (myself included) who prefer more sentimental approaches like creating memories, spending quality time, and receiving heartfelt passages. Rather you are an adult or a child, these ideas will be appreciated by mom. There are some things money just can't buy.


1. Grab a brush and stroke your moms hair. Many women love to have their hair brushed, this actually creates an opportunity for plenty of conversation, while still showing mom it's her day.

2. Get out the vivid colors and polish moms finger and toe nails. This is a fun way to pamper mom and it's sure to bring laughs and a great time spent.

3. Take a large blanket outside in the shade. Spend time with mom laying back and looking at the clouds. Try picking out objects that clouds look like, also talk to mom about things you may have not had a chance to in a while.

4. Go on a walk along the beach with your mom. Talk about old times and find out how mom's life is going currently. Collect seashells along the way, so that mom can keep them to remember this special day.

5. Take a nature walk on a trail through woods or a local park, talk about the surroundings and catch up on what's been going on, let mom know she is loved.

6. Use the phone or take a visit to make up with your mom if you have been upset. Mother's want what's best for us, and though they may mean well at times they still push our buttons. The truth is we only get one so why not take today as an opportunity for forgiving and making up.

7. Write your mother a letter. Let's face it moms do a lot. Take a few moments on this special day to write your mother a few heartfelt words to let her know how special she is. In today's age computers have caused hand written letters to become obsolete, so it will make a great impression that you took the time to hand write. If you are mailing your letter you may want to write it a few days before to ensure she will receive it in time for Mother's Day.

8. Write your mother a poem, rap, song, or short story. If you have a mom who loves warm words or just loves reading in general why not write her a unique message in your favorite form.

9. Get your camera (or borrow one) and take photos of items that represent your unique mom. For instance snap pictures of all of her favorites (colors, food, animal, shoes etc.).Write a small caption beside each photo to explain its significance. You can take a variety of angles for example if your mother is a teacher take a pictures of children, an apple or books. You could also snap items that represent love and put a sweet caption with those. Be creative and come up with your own unique photos for your special mom.

10. Use a clean glass jar and feel it with small messages of appreciation. When mom is feeling down, this is something great for her to look through to lift her spirits no matter what day it is.

*Combine a few of these ideas for an extraordinary Mother's Day.

Sleep Disturbances: Exposed

When a baby is born, new parents are consumed with advice (wanted or unwanted) about ways to get some shut eye: "sleep when the baby is sleeps" or "you and your partner should take turns getting up with the baby". Rarely does anyone worn, you may still have bags under your eyes when your child reaches his/her preschool years . Sleep disturbances affect half of all children ages 3-6 years. As parents we can improve our children's sleep patterns by being aware of what sleep disturbances are, what causes them, and solutions to resolve them.


Nightmares VS. Night Terrors

Nightmares: Nightmares, the most common childhood sleep disturbance, are frightening dreams that occur during REM(Rapid-Eye-Movement) sleep. These dreams produce intense fears and distress, often awakening the child. Children may remember parts of the dream and feel scared, and need consoling. Nightmares usually occur in the early morning hours when dreaming is most likely.


Night Terrors: Night terrors may resemble nightmares but are far less common, affecting only about 1-6% of young children. These terrors are very different from nightmares and do not occur while dreaming, instead during NREM (Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement) sleep. Night terrors are repeated episodes of panic, screaming, crying, and intense movements. Children are usually still asleep when these episodes occur and may not allow you to console them. The episode may last for a few moments and then your child may look around with a blank stare and quickly drift back into a deep sleep. These episodes usually occur within the first few hours of the child falling asleep.


Causes


Nightmares: Nightmares are usually triggered by some sort of stress a child may be experiencing. For younger children this could be things such as moving to a new place, losing a favorite toy or item, overhearing a parental argument, starting daycare or preschool, lack of sleep, and fear or trauma (car accidents, home intrusion etc). For older preschoolers it could be things such as starting a new school, frequent disagreements with classmates, stresses about school work, world disasters on the news, fear or trauma.


Night Terrors: There are no known causes for night terrors, but they seem to be a genetic factor. The terrors seem to be heighted during stressful times, but can occur just as easily when there is no stress involved. Night terrors may continue through early childhood but usually subside by the adolescent years.


Solutions


Nightmares: Nightmares can be minimized by ensuring your child gets adequate sleep. Children in their early years (under 5 years) need about 11-12 hours of sleep a day. Be sure to set aside time for a nap (2 hours) during the day and they should get about 10 hours at night time. A child who is not resting at least 9 hours a day is not receiving adequate sleep. Find ways to encourage more physical activity for your child. Perhaps take family walks, or have a blast running outside.

Implement a regular nightly routine that encourages relaxation. (i.e. taking a warm bath and hearing a bedtime story)


Encourage self-soothing techniques for falling back to sleep for instance thinking about things that make him/her happy, listening to soft music, or holding on tight to a special doll or bear


If your little awakens from a nightmare, quickly and quietly assure him/her that he/she is safe and tuck him/her back into bed and leave the room.


Place a nightlight or night monitor in your child's room. It may also be helpful to leave the child's room door open so he/she does not feel isolated.


If your child mention's the dream in the morning or if the nightmares are persistent talk to your child to see if you can figure out what may help him/her feels safe and what the root of the problem may be. Once you find the source help your child come up with strategies to resolve the issue.


If your child is younger help them come up with alternate endings to the bad dreams. Children who are in their preschool years still believe in fantasy perhaps you could encourage endings with fantasy items such as magic wands, fairies, superheroes and invisible protectors.


For older children allow them to talk to you about their dream and help them come up with better endings. Perhaps you could role play the dreams out with the more suitable ending or have your child draw images of a more pleasant finale. Implementing these tactics will provide your child with solutions on how to handle nightmares and also equip them with the tools they need to problem solve the real life stressors.


Night Terrors: Try to sooth your child gently with your hug. Do not to try to forcefully wake your child, this may cause them to become more upset. Night terrors are often worse to witness, then they are to experience (the person experiencing them will not remember them upon awakening).

Do not try to talk to your child about their night time behaviors. This may only confuse them and make them feel guilty or embarrassed for actions they have no recollection of. However you may talk to them to see if they have any stressors going on in general (that could be causing the terrors).

If your child is getting out of bed or you feel they may hurt themselves, gently guide them back to bed or hold them until the terror is over.


If the problem persist for more than a week contact your child's doctor.


References:
The Health Central Network (2005).Health Encyclopedia-Diseases and Conditions
Sigel, Alan. Scholastic Parent & Child
Tassoni, Penny (2010). Nursery World
Center of Child and Family Services, Inc.
WebMD (2005)

Art Supply Recipes you can make at home

Many early childhood specialist believe art is essential to young children's development. It encourages children to express themselves as unique individuals. Promoting art allows children to think creatively, which in turn increases problem solving. Art provides a neutral foundation for breaking language barriers, racial stereotypes, and other prejudices. It also encourages hand eye coordination and a vivid imagination. Children learn through the process of the art experience, not the finished product. As parents and caregivers remember to focus more on providing open ended art experiences that allow children to create what they vision. Purple ponies, blue grass, and pink skies all are expressions of your child's developing imagination. It's never too early to begin art experiences. Very young children learn through their senses, art is the perfect way to assist this. Here are a few art supplies recipes that you can make at home to use with your child.

Glue Recipe

What you'll need:
* 1 1/2 cups flour
* 2 cups hot water
* 1 cup cold water
* 1 tbsp alum
* 1/2 cup sugar
*Mixing bowl
* Sauce pan
* Large spoon

Procedure: Combine flour & sugar into mixing bowl. Slowly add cold water and stir as you pour. After ingredients are mixed well, transfer to sauce pan. heat on medium and add the two cups hot water. Stir mixture until it stiffens. Remove from stove top and add alum.

Tips: You may use promptly or place in an airtight container. This will conserve the glue for weeks. If the glue becomes hard, simply add a small amount of hot water.
Try adding food coloring for colored glue, or glitter for sparkles.

Crayon Recipe

What you'll need:
* 7/8 cups of Ivory Snow (powdered detergent)
*1/8 cups of water
* Food Coloring
* Mixing Bowl
* Candy Molds or Ice tray

Procedure: Mix water and food coloring to get desired color. Add mixture to soap powder and stir well. Press mixture into candy molds (or ice tray). Let crayons set for 1-2 days before removing and using. Repeat directions for different colored crayons.

Recycle Crayon Recipe

What you'll need:
*Old broken crayons (with paper removed)
*Muffin Tin or Candy Molds
*Muffin/Cupcake Liner

Procedure: Preheat oven to 250 degrees. Place muffin liners in muffin pan. Add similar colored broken crayons in muffin liners or candy molds. Place in oven until crayons melt. Remove from oven and allow to cool for several hours. Remove muffin liner or mold.

Tips: If muffin liner is stuck on the crayon place in freezer for a few moments and once frozen the crayon will remove easily.
For Rainbow crayons mix a variety of colored broken crayons in muffin pan.
Candy molds create unique fun shaped crayons.

Finger Paint Recipe (requires cooking)

What you'll need:
* 1/2 cup cornstarch
*2 cups cold water
* 1/2 tsp salt
* 3 tbsp. sugar
* Food Coloring
* Sauce pan
* Plastic cups or storage containers

Procedure:
Combine all ingredients into sauce pan. Heat on low for 10-15 minutes, stir consistently. Stir until paint is thickened and smooth. Remove from stove top and cool. Once cooled, pour into paper cups or storage containers (amount of cups or containers used will depend on number of colors desired). Add drops of food coloring to each container creating the desired color. Cover mixture tightly when storing.

Finger paint Recipe (No cooking, can make with children)

What you'll need:
*2 cups flour
*2 cups cold water
* Large Mixing Bowl
*plastic cups
*Food Coloring

Procedure:
Pour water into large mixing bowl. Slowly add flour as you (or your child ) stirs. Mix well. Pour into plastic cups (amount of cups will depend on how many colors you want to create). Add drops of food coloring to each cup to create the desired color. Cover mixture when storing.

Pudding finger paint ( Perfect for younger children)

What you'll need:
*2 packs Instant Vanilla Pudding (follow directions for preparation on package)
*Food Coloring
*Plastic cups

Procedure: Divide putting in plastic cups (the amount of cups will depend on how many colors are desired). Add drops of food coloring to each cup until the desired color is reached. Have fun!

Tips: You can purchase vanilla snack pudding already prepared. Add a few drops of food coloring to them and your ready to paint!
Remember to refrigerate pudding if storing.

Playdough Recipe

What you'll need:
*2 cups flour
*2 cups warm water
*1 cup salt
*2 Tablespoons vegetable oil
*1 Tablespoon cream of tartar (optional)
*Food coloring or pack of unsweetened kool-aid
*Saucepan

Procedure: Combine ingredients in sauce pan and stir on low. Allow playdough to thicken (mash potato consistency). Once the dough begins to pull away from sides of sauce pan and gathers in the center, remove from heat and cool.

Tips: If your dough seems to sticky, allow to cook longer.
Adding koolaid packs created scented playdough.


Peanut Butter Playdough (Edible)

What you'll need:
*1/2 cup powdered milk
*1/2 cup peanut butter
*1/3 cup honey
*Mixing bowl

Procedure:
In large mixing bowl combine ingredients. Stir with fork until mixed well. You may need the dough with your hands after it is mixed well. If need add more powdered milk until desired consistency.

Tips: If creating for children be sure to check for allergies!

10 Potty Training Gadgets under $10

Toddler: Check. Potty Chair: Check. Mom pulling her hair out while chasing a naked child around the house: Check. Let's face it potty training can be one of the most challenging times in toddlerhood. Why not spruce up the adventure with some cool accessories that aid you and your child along the way. Did I also mention the accessories were cheap? Check out these 10 potty gadgets for under $10 bucks a piece. At these prices the only thing going down the drain is your kids poop.

Potty Watch: ($9.99) This potty gadget created by Potty Time reminds your little one when it is time to try to go potty. It does so by singing a whimsical tune and flashing colored lights. The potty watch can be set in 30-60-90 minute intervals. Once it begins to sing and flash it will automatically reset itself for the next time to go potty. This device is sure to cut the time spent potty training in half. The watch comes with your choice of pink, blue or green wrist band. Purchase Potty Watch Here

Mom's Helper Folding Padded Potty Seat: ($9.99) This product is perfect for mom's on the go. The folded seat is thickly cushioned for tushy comfort and safety. Bottom side brackets keep seat in place. Best of all it fits most toilets and is still small enough to fit into a diaper bag. Also comes with its own carrying case. Purchase Potty Seat Here

Potty 911 Public Restroom Survival Kit: ($9.95) This kit helps you and your child remain germ free in public restrooms. Kit includes: 5 flushable toilet covers, 10 flushable wet wipes, 1 travel size bottle of hand sanitizer, a card that teaches your child proper hand washing procedures, and a convenient carrying case. Purchase Kit Here

Potty Party: ($9.95) Once your toddler has completed the hard task of potty training it's time to celebrate! This kit comes with everything you need to have a small potty party! The includes: 3 potty-themed party hats, 6 assorted balloons, 2 noise makers, a potty success chart, 40 stickers, a winner's medal, a quick-start guide. Purchase Party Kit Here

Seasame Street Reward Kit: ($7.95) Potty training should be fun and rewarding. This kit is the perfect incentive for training your little one. The kit includes: 70 Seasame Street stickers, a potty training progress chart, and a potty training completion certificate. The chart allows children to mark their success by placing stickers on areas such as sitting on the potty, using the potty, washing hands and flushing. Purchase Kit Here

Piddle Pad Car Seat Liner: ($7.95) With potty training comes accidents. This waterproof car seat cover is here to save the day. The liner is made of soft absorbent terrycloth with vinyl backing and is machine washable. It fits most harnesses. Perfect for strollers as well. Purchase Liner Here

Potty Mitts: ($5.95) How cute. These disposable mitts are a fresh concept for keeping your toddler safe from germs in public bathrooms. The mittens are waterproof and decorated in child-friendly designs. A must have for families on the go. Purchase Mitts Here

Tinkle Targets: ($5.25) Ready aim go! These targets were created for little men who are just learning to aim. They are flushable and come in several manly themes (i.e. construction, sports) . Best of all they are flushable. 15 per pack. Purchase Targets Here

Wee Friend Stickers: ($4.95) No ordinary sticker, this one is sure to keep your toddler smiling! Place this black sticker at the bottom of any potty chair. When your child pee-pees in the pot a fun smiley design will appear. There are several designs to choose from. Once you clean the potty, the sticker will return to black and will be ready to use again! Purchase Sticker Here

Flush Stopper: ($2.95) Toilets can seem like monsters to little people, when they hear them flush. The flush stopper is made for toilets that have the automatic flush. You simply place it on the wall or pipe so that it blocks the toilets sensor. when your child is done and you are read y to leave the bathroom remove the stopper and the toilet will flush. Comes with a storage pouch to carry in purse or diaper bag. Purchase Stopper Here


                          *Attention: All photos used on this page belong to their rightful owners*

Temper Tantrums:Stop Them in Their Tracks

We've all been there. You're out shopping with your toddler who seems to want everything within arm's reach. You lightly mutter the words "not this time honey" and within seconds you have a whirl wind going on in your shopping cart. Passer byes are giving you the eye (you want to give them the finger), and your toddler is screaming, falling to the floor, with body parts flailing everywhere! Here are a few simple solutions to stop temper tantrums in their tracks!


Be Consistent: Consistency is an essential key to modifying meltdowns. Set a daily routine for your child and try hard not to stray. Even a few moments off schedule can be enough to cause your child to go haywire. Consistency also means never giving in to tantrums. Children tend to remember the one time you did give versus the 12 times you didn't. Be sure your yes means yes and your no means no.

Be Private: When your child is in an uproar immediately guide him/her to a quite area ( a corner will work if you are in public) and wait. Allow your child to finish their tantrum before continuing activities.

Be Snub: Ignore your child's behavior. Do not look at your child as they have their meltdown. Paying attention to this behavior may cause the fit to last longer. Be sure to remain within eyesight.

Be Realistic: Toddlers do not yet have the sentence structure to express their wants and desires. This is one of the main reasons tantrums occur. They also have very short attention spans, making it critical to be conscious of the amount of time spent away from home.

Be Understanding: Talk to your child when he/she is upset. Let them know you understand they're frustration. Normalize their feelings by saying things like " I understand you are upset, when you stop crying, we can go outside." This helps ensure them that it is ok to be upset at times. Try not to make negative remarks when your child is having a tantrum, remember they are a normal part of early childhood.

Be Silly: Making a silly face or small tickle is a great way to redirect a tantrum before it is full blown. Getting a laugh can help your child forget why he was upset. You can also try redirecting your child's behavior by offering something else for them to do.

Be Diverse: Allow your child the freedom of choice. For instance holding out two shirts to choose from instead of just picking one for them to wear. Offering two items is a great start, several choices can be overwhelming to a small child.

Be Encouraging: Reward your child for learning to handle their tantrums. Use a Tantrum chart. Reward your child with stickers if he/she is able to shorten their tantrums or express themselves in a better way.

References
Center of Child & Family Services, Inc.

Physical Activities for Toddlers 24-30 months

Nesting Boxes
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Materials: A variety of different size cardboard boxes
Objective: Fits boxes inside each other in the right order when shown how


Provide your child with different size boxes. Show them how to nest them inside one another.
Which box fits inside the little box, Gregory?
What about this box?
I think this one is next, and this one is last.


You've got Mail
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Materials: shoe box, construction paper, scissors, clear contact paper or lamination.
Objective: Puts small things into a small opening


Cut construction paper rectangles and cover them with clear contact paper or have them laminated. Cut a small slit in the top of the show box lid and place the lid on the shoebox. Show your child how to put the tickets into the opening.


Build a choo-choo train
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Materials: Blocks
Objective: child lines up four or more blocks to build a train


Encourage your toddler to help you build a train by lining up several blocks beside one another.
Terrence, I know you love trains.
Let's make one with these blocks.
You've got two blocks together, do you need more blocks to make a longer train?
Perfect! You've got a long train of four blocks.


Jump!
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Objective: Tries to jump in place


Play lively music and invite your child to jump. Younger toddlers may need their hands held as they jump. Have fun and jump along with your child.
Come on let's jump to the music Mario.
Whew! Jump is so much fun!


Paper Rain
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Materials: Colorful magazine, container
Objective: Tears paper with enthusiasm


Provide your child with magazine pages to rip into pieces. Place the ripped pieces into a container. Sprinkle the pieces out of the container as you sing:
Rain, rain, go away.
Come again another day.


Little Blue Bird
Age: 24-30 months
Development: Physical
Objective: Flaps arms and flies to objects and specific places in the room with the help of adult


Interact with your toddler and help them learn new words and objects. Show your child how to move his/her arms like a bird. As you recite this song:
Here comes a bluebird through the window. (Flap Arms)
Here comes a bluebird in the air.
Here comes a bluebird through the window.
Fly and touch a chair.
Have your toddler follow you as you lead them where to go.


Open the Gates
Age: 20-36 months
Development: Physical
Materials: Cars and other toy vehicles
Objective: Strives to raise middle body, but enjoys the game.


Gather several toy cars and trucks. Show your child how to lie on his/her tummy and lift the mid section of their body, while his/her hands and feet are still on the floor. Once your child has accomplished this posture have fun with this game. Each time that you say "Open the gates," your child lifts his/her torso. While his midsection is raised roll a car or vehicle under his/her body.
Open the gates as high as they sky.
And let the cars go passing by.References
Welcome To Learning (1997)
Kindercare Learning Centers, Inc.
Montgomery, AL

Physical Activities for Toddlers 18-24 months

Rolling and Throwing
Age: 18-24 months
Materials: Small ball
Development: Physical
Objective: Encourage child to roll and throw a ball

Have your toddler pick up and ball and ask him/her to throw it to you. When your toddlers does, roll the ball back to him so he/she can throw it again. If throwing is too difficult right now, just try rolling the ball back and forth to one another, and in time your baby will soon throw as well.

Throw the ball to Daddy, Carlos. Good job!
You threw that ball so far!


Run is Fun
Age: 18-24 months
Development: Physical
Objective: Enjoys Running

Toddlers love to run outdoors. Interact with your toddler to encourage him/her to run. You can have him/her chase you, or chase a ball or run to a tree. Run with your toddler to encourage them to do the same.

Come on Oliver. Let's run and touch the tree.

Baby in a Blanket
Age: 18-24 months
Development: Physical
Objective: Rolls body in blanket

Spread a soft blanket on the floor. Help your toddler lie down on the blanket. Show your child how to hold one end of the blanket and wrap himself in the blanket by rolling. Remain close by in case your child becomes scared if the blanket wraps too snuggly. Encourage your child to hide under the blanket, shake the blanket or wear the blanket like a cape.

Look at Beverly roll herself in that blanket.
Now roll out of the blanket, Beverly.
Blanket rolling is so much fun!

Balance Board
Age: 18-24 months
Materials: 6-8 inch board or several sheets of paper
Development: Physical
Objective: Walks on wide balance board

Place a 6-8 inch board or a paper trail on the floor for your toddler to practice walking with balance. Encourage your child to stay on the beam or paper without stepping off.

Abigale, can you walk way over here?
Take it slow. I know you can do it.

Curvy Road
Age: 18-24 months
Materials: Several strips of colored construction paper, riding toy
Development: Physical
Objective: Scoots on riding toys

Place several strips of construction paper on the floor to form a road. Have fun with it and make the strips form a curvy road. Show your child how to follow the road as he/she scoots along on his/her riding toys.

Paris, follow the road with your bike.
That’s the way! Can you follow it all the way to the door?
Excellent!

Lacing Plates
Materials: disposable plate, hole puncher, shoestring
Development: Physical/fine motor
Objective: Strings with some help

Punch several holes in the disposable plate. Tie the shoe string to one hole. Help and encourage your child to lace the shoestring through the holes.

Sharon, do you see the string on in and then out of the whole?
Can you give it a try?
You've got the idea! Keep going.

References
Welcome To Learning (1997)
KCLC, Inc.
Montgomery, AL

Physical Activities for Toddlers 12-18months

Push-N-Pull

Materials: A variety of push-n-pull toys
Objective: Encourages Walking
*Supervise child with push toys, children who have not learned their balance may place their weight on the toy which cause them to move really fast and fall.

Provide you baby with push-N-pull toys so he/she can hold on and walk while at play. As your child begins to find their balance, encourage him/her to walk to get toys.


Dazia, which push toy would you like?
Oh my! Look at Dazia go!


Ball Toss
Materials: A variety of balls
Objective: Throws a ball


Provide a variety of balls for your toddler. Encourage your baby to toss the ball in a large bucket. For a fun you can also use safe items such as rolled socks, balls of yarn, or stuffed panty hose as "balls".


Toss the ball into the bucket, Taylen.
Awesome! You can really throw that ball!
This let's see if you can get it in the bucket.
Hooray, that’s it!


I Can Write
Materials: paper,tape,crayons,music
Objective: Begins to scribble


Tape a large piece of paper to the wall, table or floor. Provide your child with several colored crayons. Play a mixture of fast and slow music (multi-cultural music is a great choice) and encourage your child to the music.


Nataveous, I see you like writing to the fast tunes.
How fun! Would like to try one of these colors when you write next?
Red seems to be your favorite color lately.


UP and Over
Materials: Large shirt (size 10-12 years)
Objective: Gets dressed and undressed with some help


Provide a large slipover shirt for your toddler to practice putting on and taking off. An older child's clothing is great because the size is big but not too big. Talk to your child as you do this.


Where is LaCresha's head?
There it is! Now, where is your left hand?
Oh I see it! Where is your other hand, Cresha?
There it comes. Wiggle it through the sleeve.
You did a great job putting this shirt on.
Now, let's see if you can take it off.


Towering
Materials: 3 shoe boxes, tape
Objectives: Stacks tower of 2-3 blocks


Provide you child with 3 shoe boxes, with the lids taped. Show him/her how to stack the boxes to make a tower. Talk as you go.


James, mommy is stacking the boxes to make a tall tower.
Can you put your box on top of mine?
Excellent, now we have two boxes.
Oh, there they go down on the floor!

Hoppy Little Bunny
Objective: Encourages jumping with excitement


Encourage your baby to jump along as you sing:


Little bunny, Little bunny, hop,hop,hop
Little bunny, Little bunny, stop,stop,stop (clap hands)
Little buny, little bunny, hop really high
Little bunny ,little bunny hop to the sky
Little bunny, little bunny wave good-bye (wave good-bye)

Bottle Bowling
Materials: Several empty plastic bottles, ball
Objective: Rolls ball; hit some targets


Position a few bottles upright on the floor. Encourage your toddler to roll a ball toward the bottles to knock them down. Ask your child to help you set the bottles back up and roll the ball again. If your toddler prefers to carry the bottles instead, save the roll game for another day.


Let's roll the ball at the bottles, Jonny.
Yes, that’s it!
Whoops! Down goes the bottles!


Strong Baby
Materials: Variety of Inflatables
Objective: Carries large toys around


Visit you local dollar store and provide your toddler with large inflatable toys. These are numerous in the summer months. Allow your toddler to carry large inflatable balls, floats, and other objects. Talk to your child as he/she explores carrying big things around.


Oh, look at this big ball, Meka.
Wow, Meka can carry that big ball.
You are a strong girl, Meka!

Jumping in and out
Materials: tape, paper, scissors
Objective: Jumps in and out


Cut out a circle and tape it to the floor. Encourage your toddler to jump in and out of the circle. Talk about in and out as you play. With younger toddlers you may need to hold hands and jump in and out of the circle together before they do it alone.


Let's jump in the circle, Jesus
Now let's jump out of the circle.
Jesus is jumping into the circle!
This is fun, Jesus.

Potty Wars: 10 Tips for Conquering Potty Training With Ease

As a proud mommy of 7, I am a no amateur to the potty training crusade. I am proud to say I have successfully completed 5 missions, with only two operations left before I can officially earn my PPT (Professional Potty Training) merit badge (well if there was one of course). The only catch is the last two operations may have to be completed simultaneously! I have twin sons, 18 months old, who are showing signs of preparing for battle (i.e. removing diaper without warning every time they go #2). I have my toilet paper helmet, equipped with plunger and I'm ready to take on any potty that’s stands in the way! Luckily I'm armed with enough combat experiences for us all. As moms we're all on the same team so here are a few secret weapons to help you make your mission a complete and care free success!

Secret Weapon #1: Patience
Potty training curiosity usually blossoms around the same time toddlers are emerging their independence. It is best to remain patient and take cues from your child, who will inform you when he/she is ready to go to the bathroom. Signs of showing interest in the potty are remaining dry for long periods of time, tugging at their diaper when they are wet or have had a bowel movement, having regular bowel movements at about the same time every day, or simply asking to be changed. A child should never be forced into potty training simply because of his or her age. Potty training is a procedure that requires love and patience to be implemented for success.

Secret Weapon #2: Consistency
Once your child shows interest in the potty its a good idea to place a potty chair in the bathroom and invite  your child to go when you go. After a few times with you, have your child sit on the potty every 30-60 minutes. Allow them to sit for as long or as short as they would like. This will help keep their interest and see potty training as fun. Remember consistency is the key. To help with timing, its good to sit on the potty on the hour.You can set a timer that goes off when its time to go to the potty or try one of these cute potty watches.

 Secret Weapon #3: Decorating
What better way to have your child feel comfortable in the bathroom then to decorate it in his/her favorite character. This allows the bathroom to be bright and inviting. Who says potty training can't be fun?!

Secret Weapon #4: Praise
Children love praise (who are we kidding even adults love praise). Remember to Cheer your child on for his efforts and especially for his successes going to the potty. You can do this by creating your very own cheer personalized for your child, giving extra hugs, kisses or even tickles to show you are proud of him. If your child is still against the potty it doesn't hurt to show your child you are proud of yourself! Clap for yourself and your partner as you both use the potty. Your child will catch on quickly!

Secret Weapon #5: Bribery
Ok so I know bribing others may be looked down upon, but this is the one time when it is completely ok! For many children praise may be all they need for motivation, but then there are kids like mine. Praise may work at first but bribes are just a sweeter deal! I personally am not a huge fan of bribing with food (for example candy) but don't get me wrong if that’s what works by all means go for it! I would start out with things such as stickers, inexpensive toys (age appropriate), time together outside or phone calls to loved ones (uncle, aunt, nana, papa etc.) to brag about the accomplishments. If you would like to reward with treats then bite size m&ms are a great choice. Also keep in mind that each child is different so it is helpful to use unique bribes that work for your child.

Secret Weapon #6: Aimers
If you have a son this is a fun way for him to interact with the potty. You can purchase "targets" to place in the toilet and have your child aim at them. They can be purchased here. A quick way to save money and still have fun is to simply use cheerios or fruit loops as targets instead.

Secret Weapon #7: Cool Underwear
Similar to decorating the bathroom in your child's favorite characters you can also purchase underwear in your child's favorite characters. If you are using pull-ups perhaps you can find a character that your child is familiar with. I have found myself purchasing pull-ups and then a pack of underwear of my child's choice and then putting the underwear over top the pull-ups. That way your child stays dry from accidents but still gets the motivation of big boy/girl panties.

Secret Weapon #8: Figure out the Fears
Potty training can honestly be a very scary process for some children. If your child cries or seems to fear the potty try to figure out what is causing the fear. Is the bathroom to dull? Is the toilet too big and a potty chair preferred? Is your child scared only when in a bathroom that is unfamiliar? Talk to your child and see if you can gather what may be the problem and do everything you can to fix it.

Secret Weapon #9 Comfort
It is important to ensure your child is comfortable while potty training. If your child seems to fear the bathroom all together try placing a potty chair in their bedroom or in a play room. If he/she is often in the living room, that is a great place to start. Children fear public bathrooms because they are often different than the ones in homes. Public toilets can be a lot larger and more noisy than private bathrooms. A good way to familiarize your toddler with public bathrooms is to allow them to go and flush toilets when you are out. This way they will be used to the difference in sound before the time comes to actually use the public toilet.

Secret Weapon #10: Books
There are several books on the market that are geared towards potty training. If you read to your child at bedtime or before naptime, why not implement a potty book into the book choices? This is a great way for your child to hear about other children and their success with the potty. It's fun to have a doll of choice that can "go to the potty" as well. here are a list of books that are great for potty training just click of the name of the book to find out more:

Potty Time With Elmo

Potty Time With Abby

 Everyone Poops

Social/Emotional Activities for Toddlers 18-24 months

Happy/Sad Emotions

Age: 18-24 months

Materials: Mirror

Objective: Have show various emotions

Use a mirror to demonstrate happy and sad faces to your toddler.

Encourage him/her to make happy/sad faces in the mirror.

Look at my happy face Kenya.
Can you make a happy face?
Just look at that happy smile.

It's okay

Age: 18-24 months

Materials: Arms

Objective: To teach child to comfort others

Encourage your child to show compassion when friends or family members are upset or hurt. Talk about being kind to others when they are upset.

Yes, Jacob, Laila is upset that that her sister went to school.
I'm sure your hugs make her feel better.
Maybe Laila would like to build with blocks with you. That’s very sweet of you to help Laila this morning, Jacob.

Setting the Table

Age: 18-24 months

Materials: cups, napkins

Objective: Child pretends detailed house work

Show your baby how to put cups or napkins on the table for snack. Encourage him or her to clean up their own place after eating (wipe with sponge, put dish in sink, trash in trash can etc.)

Thank you, Michael for setting the table.
Yes, the trash goes in that can, honey.


Put Away Game

Age:18-24 months

Materials: Toys

Objective: To have child place toys in appropriate places

Encourage your child to help pick up toys. Hand your toddler items to put in the appropriate places. Make a game out of putting toys away. Remember to praise your child for their efforts!

Here's a drum L'oreal.
Where does it go?
Yes, the drum goes there!


Wet Sponge

Age: 18-24 months

Materials: Sponge/water

Objective: Encourage child to copy housework

As you are cleaning up a table, provide a damp sponge for your child to wipe the table as well.

Oh, I see you're cleaning the table with mommy, Kali.

That's the way to do it!
The table is clean now.
Thank you!

Childcare Provider Telephone Questionnaire /Interview

Date:______________


Name:__________________________________________________________

Address:_________________________________________________________

Telephone:______________________________________________________



1. Do you have openings for my child(ren)?____________________

2. Will you be available to keep my child(ren) _____days a week?__________________

3. What is the cost for this care?_____________________________________________

4. What does this include?__________________________________________________

5. Are there any other cost?_________________________________________________

6. How many children do you currently provide for?_____________________________

7. What are the ages of the children who will be in my child's classroom or care in home?_________________________________

8. Is the building or home smoke free?_______________________

9. Do you have any pets?________________________________

If yes, what type of animals and where are they during the hours you are caring for children?______________________________________________________

10. What would be the routine and the types of activities for my child(ren)?_________________________

11. What are your discipline practices?_____________________________________

12. Are you licensed, registered, or exempt from licensure?_______________________

My impression of the provider:_____________________________________

References
Modified from
Division of Childcare and Development
Virginia Department of Social Services
Richmond,VA

Childcare Provider Characteristics (For Quality Care)

In today's day and age many mother's are opting to work outside the home. This places several children in the hands of childcare providers for hours in the day. As parents do we know if the provider we choose is suitable for the position? The following list provided by the Division of Social Services will help you to decide if your care giver  is among the most qualified. These characteristics are broken down into the following sections: Physical, mental and health, Social, Knowledge, Emotional and General.

Physical, Mental and Health Characteristics:

* Maintains good health
* Has a high energy level; is very active
* Does not use alcohol, drugs, or take medication that will effect responsiveness to children
* Can lift children weighing up to 50lbs.
* Can get on the floor with children and get up quickly
* Can run and play with children in active play
* Is attentive and always alert to the children and what they are doing in the environment
* Can work with and supervise children doing different things at the same time
* Is personally clean and appropriately groomed

Social Characteristics

* Enjoys working with children and their families
* Respects children as individuals
* Respects parents as the primary persons in the lives of their children
* Likes to be in an active, constantly changing environment where the needs of children and their families   come first
* Has good communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal. Speaks clearly in English, listens to children and parents, does not use negative words or body language.
* Is courteous, consistent, and positive in interactions with children and parents
* Is considerate of others
* Is alert and sensitive to others' need and uses this sensitivity to anticipate what might happen in given situations
* Is tolerant and appreciates the differences in others' skills, appearances, interests, cultures, and personalities
* Is honest in both monetary and non-monetary matters
* Has a keen sense of responsibility and personal accountability
* Is intectually curious
* Enjoys learning and helping others to learn and solve problems

Knowledge Characteristics

* Can read ans write English at least on an eighth grade level
* Has broad general knowledge and information
* Is well organized and efficient
* Can locate and use resources creatively
* Can observe and evaluate children's progress and problems
* Can make referrals to appropriate resources as needed
* Understands basic behavioral guidance techniques, e.g., redirection, positive guidance, role-modeling, etc.
* Can assist children with learning acceptable behavior and dealing with the logical consequences of unacceptable behavior
* Understands the principles of program planning
* Understands the need for transitions and how to incorporate them successfully into the day-to-day
activities of working with children
* Can plan an environment that stimulates children to be active learners
* Is creative in approaches to problem-solving
* Understands healthy nutrition and the nutritional needs of children
* Knows first aid and rescue breathing or CPR
* Can maintain necessary files and records

Emotional Characteristics

* Is emotionally stable
* Is flexible
* Is warm and affectionate
* Is patient
* Is caring and calm, even in trying situations
* Can control temper
* Has healthy self-esteem
* Can objectively evaluate own performance and takes responsiblity for improving performance based on feedback and self-appraisal
* Can deal with conflict openly,comfortably and constructively,without becoming upset,vengeful or defensive

General Characteristics

* Knows and practices professional ethics
* Keeps information confidential
* Is reliable and available when services are needed and expected and makes arrangements with all necessary parties for time away from responsibilities
* Is interested in ongoing professional development

Reference
Reproduced from Choosing Quality Child Care (2006)
Quality Childcare Unit
Division of Childcare and Development
Richmond, VA

Inspiring Teacher Quotes

In teaching you cannot see the fruit of a day's work.  It is invisible and remains so, maybe for twenty years.  ~Jacques Barzun

Teaching is the profession that teaches all the other professions.  ~Author Unknown

A good teacher is like a candle - it consumes itself to light the way for others.  ~Author Unknown

The mediocre teacher tells.  The good teacher explains.  The superior teacher demonstrates.  The great teacher inspires.  ~William Arthur Ward

The best teacher is the one who suggests rather than dogmatizes, and inspires his listener with the wish to teach himself.  ~Edward Bulwer-Lytton

Teaching should be full of ideas instead of stuffed with facts.  ~Author Unknown

We expect teachers to handle teenage pregnancy, substance abuse, and the failings of the family. Then we expect them to educate our children. ~John Sculley

The true teacher defends his pupils against his own personal influence.  He inspires self-distrust.  He guides their eyes from himself to the spirit that quickens him.  He will have no disciple.  ~Amos Bronson Alcott

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.  ~Henry Brooks Adams

Modern cynics and skeptics... see no harm in paying those to whom they entrust the minds of their children a smaller wage than is paid to those to whom they entrust the care of their plumbing.  ~John F. Kennedy
I like a teacher who gives you something to take home to think about besides homework.  ~Lily Tomlin

A teacher is one who makes himself progressively unnecessary. ~Thomas Carruthers

Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater. ~Gail Godwin

A teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is hammering on cold iron. ~Horace Mann